A. A. Polischuk
Rationalistic Trends of Architecture and Rational Construction of Culture and Leisure Establishments in Donetsk in the First Third of the 20-th century
The Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. A creative search and formation of high-principled and image-bearing decisions of culture and leisure establishments built in the first third of the 20th centuries in the city of Donetsk is considered here. There are considered the problems of architecture on the development of the most economic and rational types of culture and leisure establishments under industrialization on new rational-economic principles. There is described an architectural-planning decision of the Public house (auditorium) of the 1 st type, as a prototype of future Palaces of Labour in the Donbas . There is given a short account of the rationalistic trends in the architecture of theatres and Public houses shaped in the 19 th century. A functional-planning structure of innovative types of buildings of cultural and educational purpose has been analyzed to reveal progressive ways and methods of designing. By the contingent that serves the Palaces of Labour these Palaces are working clubs. In the article this period is considered to be the first stage of the development of typology of public buildings of a cultural and educational purpose. Construction of Palaces of Labour in the Donbas and in the city of Donetsk by the standard designs on the basis of complex programs is characterized as a rational step of transforming the city of Donetsk into a large cultural center.
Key words: high-principled and image-bearing decision , a new type of culture and leisure establishments, industrialization, Public house, Palace of Labour , standard designs.
G.N. Gladyshev, D.G. Gladyshev
An Experimental Estimation of a Reinforcement Step Variability Influence in Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Beam Plates on their Carrying Ability and Cracking Character
National University «Lviv Polytechnica»
Scientific-Design Firm «Rekonstrproekt»
Abstract. There are given the results of experimental researches of a carrying ability and reinforced concrete beam plate rigidity, a fixed character of their cracking depending on the working armature step variability which is simulated by possible variants of the normalized and industrial deviations of the armature of design meanings. Is was fixed that carrying ability, sags, and the character of crack distribution depend on working armature step variability and, naturally, on the percent level of a longitudinal reinforcement in the experimental plate cross section. It has been found out that a significant deviation of working armature rod step deviation in monolithic reinforced concrete plates from the requirements of the design documentation should be considered as defects, which reduce carrying ability and rigidity of these structural components. The authors recommend to accept a statistically proved step of the working armature with security of 95% of the average meaning of its actual steps to design reinforced concrete plates by the normative documents in force.
Key words: reinforced concrete beam plates, working armature step variability as opposed to the design meanings, experimental researches, carrying ability, sags, character of cracking, analysis of experimental data.
А.М . Orlova, Е.Н . Evseyev
Modification of Carbonate Containing Rocks
Institute of Construction and Architecture
Moscow State Construction University
Abstract. Carbonate-containing rock-forming minerals are one of the most common minerals on the planet. Low acid resistance is the main lack of this group of minerals. A glance on their face disappears in 10-15 years; caverns and cracks appear on marble items, limestone destructs. Waxes and soaks developed recently have an organic basis and retain on the items by penetrating into the pore structure only. When using the sulfate solutions of some metals to change mechanical and ornamental properties of the carbonate rocks, a chemical interaction on the ionic level takes place, the latter being confirmed by the IR analysis. It results in a significant increase of micro-hardness and acid resistance of the carbonates, as well as in a reduction of water absorption of the carbonate rocks. A low cost and a technological simplicity allowed reaching a lower cost of slab face waxing in comparison with foreign compositions.
Key words: carbonates, rocks, limestone, marble, modification, properties, sulfates.
Yu. G. Gasan, G. V. Kucherova, I. O. Aznauryan, S.V. Bondarenko, E. O. Bilokur
Water resistance ash gypsum cement binding agent astringent matter and wares on its basis for the external equipment of buildings
State research institute of astringent materials the name V.D. Gluxovskogo of at the Kievan national university of building and architecture
Abstract. The paper covers the results of studying mass transfer characteristics of ash gypsum cement binding agents. The results allowed concluding that the matrix of the ash gypsum cement binding agent stone in its structure and moisture transfer characteristics is more close to a cement stone than the matrix of gypsum pozzolana cement. A possibility of a further use of the products based on the ash gypsum cement binding agents for outdoor application under different climatic conditions was determined by using a complex analysis of the results of measurements of the basic physico-mechanical characteristics and the investigation of kinetics of water adsorbed by capillarity by the samples. A series of comparative experiments was held on the samples of the ash gypsum cement binding agents in which the fly ash from a TPP was used as a pozzolanic additive on the contrary to the gypsum slag Portland cements in which the slag Portland cement was used as a pozzolanic additive. The results of this study allowed to conclude that kinetics of water adsorption by all the samples of the ash gypsum cement binding agents was similar. The height of the water adsorbed by capillarity in all measurements in the samples from the ash gypsum cement binding agents was higher than that of the reference samples. However, the difference in the heights of water adsorbed by capillarity in the samples under study was very small. These results allowed making a conclusion that in the process of service under similar conditions the performance properties (frost resistance, durability and other basic physico-technical characteristics) of the products made of the ash gypsum cement binding agents are very close to those of the products made of the gypsum slag Portland cements.
Key words: mass transfer, ash gypsum cement binding agent, moisture transfer characteristics, fly ash, durability, frost resistance.
O.A. Korol, E.M. Pugach, O.E. Nikolayev
Technological Efficiency of Erection of Enclosures Made of Three-Layered Elements
Moscow State Building University (MGSU)
Abstract. The issues of formation of the market of accessible habitation, development and perfection of the industrial house-building depend to a large extent on the basis of embedding low expensive, high-end technologies. It provides a decrease in expenses both at the stage of manufacturing building materials, products and structures, and at the stage of building erection. To improve the quality of multilayered systems, three-layered wall and roofing elements in the form of blocks, panels and slabs with the use of concrete of low heat conductivity as a heat-insulation layer were developed. Layers of elements perform architectural, heat-insulating and structural functions, making the solution of a number of problems associated with heat insulation and wall finishing possible, in one processing cycle. Erection of external walls of three-layered structural components allows increasing a technological efficiency at the expense of decreasing a labour factor, completion dates of erection, and cost of works and gaining a structure matching modern operational requirements, at the same time possessing a rather high longevity (about 60 years).
Key words: manufacturing methods of three-layer elements, manufacturing process, technological regimes, building enclosure designs, erection of building enclosures, economic efficiency.
O. M. Yefremov, T.P. Kitsenko, K.T. Shirinova
Alkaline binders of Na2O-Al2O3 -sio2 -H2O, Na2O-mgo-sio2 -H2O, Na2O-mgo-Al2O3 -H2O systems for refractory concretes based on soluble sodium silicates and aluminates
The Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Alkaline binders of the Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O, Na2O-MgO-SiO2 -H2O, Na2O-MgO-Al2O3 -H2O systems have been developed on the basis of water solutions of sodium silicates and aluminates. Refractory mineral materials are proposed as hardening (structure forming) components. That made it possible to admix not more than 2% of flux oxide – Na2O to concretes that does not practically influence their limiting service temperature. The structure-phase changes of binder hardening products after heating at ordinary (20-110o C), average (800-900o C) and high (1200-1700o C) temperatures have been studied. The influence of 2-6% Na2O on refractoriness and deformation temperature indices under the load of alumino-silicate (30-95% Al2O3), magnesia (40-90% MgO), and magnesia-aluminate (95% MgO·Al2O3) compositions have been investigated.
Key words: a lkaline binders, soluble sodium silicates and aluminates, refractory concrete.