Nikita Savenkov, Philip Matyukhin, Vladislav Gaponov
Improvement of Methods of Mathematical Modeling of External High-Speed Characteristics of an Automobile Internal Combustion Engine
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The given material refers to one of the cycles of the authors’ articles aimed at supplementing and improving the methods for the mathematical description (approximation) of the dependencies of the effective indicators of automotive internal combustion engines on the external speed characteristic. In the material of the article, an improved method of mathematical modeling of the full-load curve (FLC) of the effective power of an automobile internal combustion engine is proposed. Particular recommendations for boundary sections are presented both for the proposed and for the traditional S. R. Leiderman methodology. To determine the coefficients of the polynomial dependence, the authors have adopted the appropriate conditions and restrictions, taking into account which a system of linear algebraic equations that are necessary for calculating the coefficients of the proposed function has been compiled. Examples of the application of the proposed methodology for the description of the full-load curve of some serial automobile engines selected as an example, including rotary piston engines, are given. The results can be applied both for educational purposes and for solving individual engineering problems.
Keywords: internal combustion engine, full-load curve, effective power, Leiderman function, polynomial dependence, curve shape, work process, functional dependencies, data fitting.
Victor Levchenko, Evgeniy Dmitrenko, Nikolai Nevgen, Denis Riabovol,
Irina Khramogina
Dependence of the Durability of Building Structures on Their Parameters and Technical Properties of Building Materials
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The problems of durability encourage particular attention in construction. It is accounted for by the fact that the majority of buildings, structures and municipal facilities were erected 50–70 years ago and they are already worn-out for now. A multi-scale problem of durability of ferroconcrete buildings and structures is a sum of total of such integrated problems as constructability, reliability, cost saving and ecological aspects. Its solution should be carried out on the basis of a systematic approach.. There are still many uncertainties about the durability problem. Consideration of the problem is often confined to either practical or commercial levels. A range of urgent problems are to be solved for further advance. The most important one is the development of contemporary methods for prediction of durability or service life of designed elements and structures. Another essential problem is the development of techniques for increasing the durability of ferroconcrete structures in service. The article deals with the problems of material properties and construction parameters influence on durability of building structures. In particular, the issues of the influence of the properties of concrete composed on different cements on the dimensions of the cross-section of the element, the thickness of the concrete protective layer, the location of the reinforcement, the presence of cracks and the variability of these parameters are considered.
Keywords: durability, reliability, parameters, corrosion, clinker, influence.
Konstantin Marenkov
Scientific and Practical Recommendations for the Design of Scientific and Educational Centers in the Territory of Donbass
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. Modern conditions for the development of architectural science consider the fundamental issues in the field of architectural organization of scientific and educational centers. The requirements for training results and specialists are compiled based on the real demands of society and the education system is somewhat lagging behind. New educational technologies require new spaces and new architectural forms for their full functioning and development. The creation of facilities for such purposes will allow us to reach a single level with the world’s leading institutions for the provision of quality education. There is a need to study the world experience in the design and construction of universities, scientific and educational centers, as well as to develop our own concepts of scientific and educational centers. New technological spaces should also be formed around the centers. As a result of the research, recommendations for the design of scientific and educational centers at different levels of the architectural organization are formulated. Urban planning, functional, architectural planning, spatial spatial and compositional-artistic requirements for the design of scientific and educational centers, which are important for the implementation of subsequent design and research solutions, are established.
Keywords: architectural composition, new construction, scientific and educational center, reconstruction, modern architecture, spatial planning organization.
Viktor Nezdoyminov, Anastasia Mogukalo
Increasing the Redox Potential of the Sludge Mixture in the Nitrification Process
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article discusses the process of increasing the redox potential of the sludge mixture in the process of aerobic stabilization. It is established that the course of nitrification processes and the formation of oxidized forms of nitrogen leads to an increase in the redox potential of the sludge mixture. The maximum value of the redox potential reached +510 mV on the second day of aerobic stabilization, while the concentration of nitrate nitrogen was
30 mg/dm3. With a further increase in the concentration of nitrates, an increase in the redox potential does not occur, which is explained by the standard value of the redox process of the nitrogen pair NO2–/NO3–, which does not exceed + 420 mV. The effectiveness of reducing the pathogenic contamination of activated sludge was determined according to the indicators of the bacterial group of E. coli and Salmonella, which amounted to about 74 %. It was found that the stability of sludge after aerobic stabilization increases by 75 %.
Keywords: active sludge, aerobic stabilization, oxidation-reduction potential, nitrates, pathogenic contamination.