Iurii Kopets
Study of the Possibility of Using Pyrolysis for the Disposal of Carbon-Containing Solid Municipal waste
Institute of Construction, Architecture and Housing and Communal Services FSBEI HE «Lugansk State University named after V. Dahl»
Abstract. Currently, the issue of the state of ecology is one of the main ones. Therefore, the search for new solutions related to the waste management system is always relevant. This article discusses the feasibility of using the technology of pyrolysis of organic solid municipal waste in the city of Lugansk, Lugansk agglomeration. The apparatus for studying the process is a test bench for the disposal of organic waste with electric arc heating. The main technological parameters of the recycling process are listed. A comprehensive study of the pyrolysis process has been carried out. It was clarified that the study took place in four stages: – stage I. Determination of the optimal energy parameters of the processing process; – stage II. Study of the influence of its duration on the recycling process; – stage III. Determination of the influence of overpressure in the retort on the course of the process; – stage IV. Study of the influence of individual waste components on the course of physicochemical processes of pyrolysis. According to the results of the study, the most effective parameters of its course were selected.
Keywords: municipal solid waste, pyrolysis, ecology, recycling, recycling technology, recycling problem.
Nikita Savenkov, Stanislav Chekulaev, Vladislav Gaponov
Rational Choice of Parameters of the Hydrovolume Braking Device of the Stand with Running Drums
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. This article provides a method for calculating a hydrostatic loading device in the design of a stand with running drums to determine the traction and speed properties of cars of categories N1 and M1. The design features of modern stands with power running drums (SDR) are considered. An analysis of the applied force transmission scheme in wheel-drum pairs is given, a review of the diagrams and characteristics of loading equipment is carried out; an analysis of SBS transmission stand equipped with a safety guard is given; the equipment and instruments of the control and measuring complex during tests on SSB are described; the calculation of the working process of hydrostatic loading devices in the design of the stand is presented and an appropriate methodology is proposed for selecting rational parameters of the loading device depending on the characteristics of vehicles and the test modes selected for testing.
Keywords: power plant, driving cycle, power balance, variation series, vehicle speed, driving time, algorithm, option, interval.
Victor Levchenko, Tamara Chernysheva
The Technical Condition of Stone Buildings of the 60–70s of the Development of the Cities of Donbass in the Presence of Various Kinds of Impacts
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. With the development of industrial methods of housing construction in the early 60–70s of the last century, houses of the first mass standard series in brick, in large-panel and large-block design of various storeys began to be built everywhere in the Donetsk region. The issue of increasing the load-bearing capacity of existing wall structures of residential stone buildings is currently particularly acute due to the critical condition of the structures due to the long service life and destruction caused by shock and dynamic damage due to military operations. Therefore, the issues of monitoring the technical condition of residential stone buildings in order to prevent the occurrence of emergency situations and the validity of the choice of a set of engineering measures to prevent them are of particular importance. The article presents information about the presence of morally and physically obsolete residential stone buildings of the first mass standard series in the total volume of the housing stock of the cities of Donbass. An analytical review of design solutions was carried out and an analysis of the causes of damage and destruction in the presence of various kinds of impacts was carried out in order to gain experience in safe construction. The classification of damage to structures made of brickwork is presented.
Keywords: residential stone buildings, technical condition of structures, standard projects, defects of brickwork.
Hafizulla Benai, Anatoly Yugov, Natalya Smirnova
Architectural and Urban Planning Monitoring of Spectacular Buildings and Structures Subject to Reconstruction as Part of the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Urban Areas of Donbass Cities
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. In the presented work, architectural and urban planning monitoring of spectacular buildings and structures subject to reconstruction was carried out as part of the strategy for the sustainable development of urban areas in the cities of Donbass. Objects of architectural entertainment are part of a complex urban planning system and reflect the cultural standard of living, form the visual attractiveness of the architectural environment, which determines the relevance of the chosen topic. In this work, monitoring was carried out regarding the architectural and technical condition and features of the location of spectacular architectural objects in large cities of Donbass, according to the typological classification given in regulatory sources. The existing architectural, urban planning, functional, structural, technical and architectural and artistic problems of spectacular buildings and structures are formulated, determining the need for their reconstruction. The obtained data from architectural and urban planning monitoring of spectacular buildings and structures are necessary for the further development of a methodology for complex reconstruction in the conditions of sustainable development of the cities of Donbass, as well as to prevent the inappropriate use of urban areas.
Keywords: architectural and urban planning monitoring, spectacular buildings and structures, reconstruction, sustainable development, spatial development.
Nickolay Sholukh, Ekaterina Satsura
Conceptual Model of Functional-Spatial Arrangement of Places of Work of Disabled Persons in the Structure of a Town-Forming Industrial Enterprise
FSBEI HE «Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture»
Abstract. The article is devoted to the organizational, legal and functional-spatial aspects of arranging workplaces for people with disabilities at industrial enterprises of the city. Based on an in-depth interdisciplinary analysis of theoretical materials and a survey of real industrial facilities, the authors formulate and explain a number of conceptual provisions and arguments regarding the organization and functional-spatial arrangement of workplaces for people with disabilities in industrial enterprises. It is shown that the choice of an enterprise and the possibility of subsequently arranging workplaces for disabled people in it are largely predetermined and conditioned, on the one hand, by the influence of socio-demographic, psychophysiological and ergonomic factors and, on the other hand, available on the nomenclature of types of industrial enterprises, the nature of their location in the structure of the city, production, technological and architectural and planning features. Among other equally important conditions for the employment of people with disabilities at an industrial enterprise, it is proposed to consider the presence in it of the opportunity to carry out the appropriate training and production, correctional and rehabilitation and necessary social functions in relation to such a contingent of workers.
Keywords: apsychophysiological specifics of people with disabilities, needs and employment opportunities for peo-ple with disabilities, forms of settlement, conditions of access to potential employment sites, nomenclature of ty-pes of industrial enterprises, production, technological and architectural planning features, auxiliary social and consumer services, in-depth social integration and economic effect.