O. V. Ryabova
Spatial development of public transport junctions
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The most often occurring types of architecture-planning organization of municipal public transport junctions have been considered in the article: compact, mixed, extensive. The main directions of public transport junctions’ development for Donbass cities’ architecture-planning structure have been defined on a horizontal line: concentric, linear by band, linear by network, spiral. As a result the system principles operation the type of public transport junction changes while class varying of a transport junction. It has been fixed the character of public transport junction development on a horizontal and a vertical line depends on the type of public transport junction including in to the town the building; type structure planning of public transport junction. The types of the public transport junctions including into the town building have been found out. They are: quadrilateral, trilateral, trilateral incomplete, bilateral angular, bilateral angular incomplete; the types of architecture-planning structure for average and small public transport junctions have been cleared out : static, hall flexible. The tendency of modern public transport junctions (by the example Donbas) town have been revealing in formation of multi-tiered structure regardless of public transport junction type (large, big, middle, small).
Key words: spatial development; public transport junctions; type.
S.G. Kuznetsov, G.A. Nazarov
Specificities of area build up by apartment and public buildings with decentralized heating systems
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The paper is devoted to the research problem for decentralized heating systems of ecological safety. The reasons of the existing tendency at for the decentralization of heating sources have been considered in the paper. Advantages and disadvantages of independent centralized heat-supply sources and ones have been revealed. From the point of ecological safety view the damages assessment caused by the atmosphere emission pollutantion from the small heat supply sources has been carried out. The analysis of building standards and rules shows that existing building norms do not regulate clearly placing in the existing or heating designing building of independent heat supply sources. The parameters affecting pollutants distribution in the building have been also considered. The research methods of analysis pollution dispersing has been carried out by of the full-scale examinations, tests, in the aerodynamics tubes, mathematical modeling has been carried out. Their advantages and disadvantages have been exposed.
Key words: decentralized of heating sources systems, pollutants emission, full-scale examinations, aerodynamic tubes, mathematical modeling.
I.V. Bazovaya
Features of influencing of aggressive environment on elimination of road coverage and busses of car
Donetsk National Engineering
Motor-car-road institute
Abstract. The questions of road covering abrasion because of pneumatic car tires depending on the operating state of road clothes as a whole and the material of which the upper abrasion layer was made, in the conditions of aggressive medium, depending on of industrial and transport effluents. When the in this case abrasion direction differs from the elements sliding one of tire protector, abrasion can be considered as „harmful”, because it has a no influence on the friction effect in the area of the contact with the wear layer. The recommended profile texture are characterized not by the periodicity, but in positions identical in all directions going through the given point.
Key words: abrasion, covering, aggressive medium, layer of wear.
N.V. Sholukh, A.V. Altukhova
The analysis of the visual environment of donetsk city: social, psychological, and architectural aspects
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the organization forming problem of the favorable visual man environment in the modern city. By the example of some definite buildings and structural analysis, in Donetsk the influence of some architectural forms and elements on the psychological and emotional persons state is being considered. The special attention is given to the objects examination distinguishing by their aggressive forms, disharmony of the general composite solution, the tectonic order damage of the basic components and elements, as well as the compositional unity absence of these objects with the existing building. The article unfavorable the unfortunate trends of the further town architecture development, which may be characterized by increasing number of similar forms and elements negatively affecting the psychological and emotional person’s state. Some categories of the population are especially subjected to the influence of such forms, such as people of old age, and individuals with weak and unstable mental state. It is stressed importance of the system util approach to this problem considering not only architectural, but also sociological, psychological and other aspects closely connected with them. Considering sociological and architectural inspections a number of recommendations for the negative impact elimination of the given visual forms on the psychological and emotional person’s state. The realization of offered recommendations in practice will enable to improve the out side town appearance, to create more comfortable visual environment for its citizens.
Key words: the city visual environment, visual perception, aggression of architectural forms, the architectural characteristic of building constructions, compositional balance and absence of integrity, a psychological and emotional state, weakening of the mental condition, special compositional methods and means.
P.V. Krivenko, E.K. Pushkareva, S.G. Guziy, M.V. Sukhanevich, A.I. Borisova
Technology features of manufacturing and inorganic bloating coverings of aluminum silica composition
The State Scientific Research Institute of Astringents Kiev National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In the given work there are given the results of technological factors influence on the properties of bloating inorganic coverings of aluminum silica composition. It has been shown, that most rationally to realize the layering puthing the fire-resistant bloating compositions with filling degree from 5 up to 35 % from the binding mass, received on the basis of alkaline silica-aluminum binding kind (1,09-1,7) Na2O•Al2O3•(6,64-8,42)•SiO2•(22,16-35,76)•H2O and (1.56-2.48) ) Na2O•Al2O3•(7.6-10.19)•SiO2 (23.27-43.06)•H2O by the filling the air method. While such a method using of covering the metal warning does not exceed 200-250оС with the covering thickness from 2 up to 4 mm. The introduction the bloating fireproof silica-aluminum compositions into the calcium carbonate which is dissolved at the temperature 800-830оС and educes CO2, and increases the share of the filler stimulated the enhacing the resistant time of the flame up to 54 minutes. To achieve the fire resistance up limit to 60 of the bloating inorganic coverings of silica-aluminum composition it is necessary to use the way of silica-aluminum binding a modification and to apply above marked way of covering putting.
Key words: fireproof bloating alkaline silica-aluminum compositions, filler silica-aluminum composition, bloating factor, temperature of heating of a metal substrate, standard curve of distribution of a fire.
О.A. Shkurupiy
Ultimate concrete compressibility in reinforced concrete elements
Poltava National technical University after Yuri Kondratyuk
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the ultimate deformation determination methods of compressed concrete (ebu) on the basis of deformed models (DM) of reinforced concrete elements (RCE) of Eurocode 2, SRIBC (Kyiv) and DM with the extreme strength criterion (ESC). DM application in of reinforced concrete the theory is a significant step forward, as this theory uses a full set of mechanics equations of deformed body state (MDSS): physical equations for concrete and armature, geometrical and balance equations. As a result DM allows to find more precisely the borders of over reinforcement modification, and durability of RCE, to take into account the character of complete diagrams of concrete and armature operation and other characteristic features. The existing DM, besides DM with ESC, need the experimental ultimate deformation determination of the compressed concrete ebu. The advantages of DM with ESC, have been shown which allow to determine analytically the value of ebu and other characteristics RCE of normal section in the ultimate state. It has been marked that ultimate deformation of compressed concrete zone of ebu is determined by tensions redistribution of on the height of heterogeneously tense compressed zone of RCE normal section in the ultimate state. Such a redistribution of tensions is impossible in the centrally compressed concrete prisms, and they cannot be used for ebu determination. It has been proved that it isn’t be taken the value ebu permanent and equal 3.5% and decrease it’s meaning within 3.5-2.8% for high durable concretes for reinforced elements manufactured of low and average durability in the way of suggested by Eurocode 2. It is not conformed with the experiments and calculations according to DM with ESC.
Key words: reinforced concrete element, ultimate deformation of concrete, deformation model, strength criterion.